This weeks Read: Chapter 1

Presentation's url

lecture 1
code

html

Code is just text in a plain text file. 

Just Like HTML and CSS

c

c#

javascript

java

≠

javascript

Let's have a quick look

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="first-look.css">
    <title>A first look at JavaScript</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>Welcome to my dynamic website</h1>
    <button>Switch to Dark mode</button>

    <script>
    var darkMode = false;
    var buttonLabel = "Switch to Bright mode";
    var linkTag = document.querySelector("link");

    function switchModes() {
        if (darkMode) {
            // if we got here, the page was Dark when the user clicked. Let's wwitch to bright mode. 
            linkTag.href = "first-look.css";
            darkMode = false;
            buttonLabel = "Switch to Dark mode";
        } else {
            // the variable darkMode was false when the button was clicked, so lets toggle the mode to dark.
            linkTag.href = "first-look-dark.css";
            darkMode = true;
            buttonLabel = "Switch to Bright mode";
        }
        document.querySelector("button").innerHTML = buttonLabel;
    }
    
    document.querySelector("button").onclick = switchModes;

    </script>
</body>
</html>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <link rel="stylesheet" href="first-look.css">
</head>
<body>
    <h1>Welcome to my dynamic website</h1>
    <button>Switch to Dark mode</button>
</body>
</html>
var mode = "dark";
var buttonLabel = "Switch to Bright mode";
var linkTag = document.querySelector("link");

if (mode == "dark") {
    linkTag.href = "first-look-bright.css";
    mode = "bright";
    buttonLabel = "Switch to Dark mode";
} 

document.querySelector("button").innerHTML = buttonLabel;

Can you figure out what is going on?

Basic terminology

statements

-Changes something

-Ends with semicolon ; (usually)

// the variable buttonLabel is changed
buttonLabel = "Switch to Bright mode";


// the HTML is changed
document.querySelector("button").innerHTML = buttonLabel;

expressions

-Are values

or something that

-Resolve to values

            // This is a literal string expression 
buttonLabel = "Switch to Bright mode";

             // This is a variable expression
btn.innerHTML = buttonLabel

! important

remember !

Expressions are always resolved

to a single value

Don't worry,

We'll get back to that soon

values & types

A value can be of a certain type

values & types

In real life you could see these values.

What types are they?

99:-

types in JavaScript

3.14159

42
"anything within double quotes"

'or "single" quotes'
// either
true
// or.. 
false

(primitive)

weird Primitive types

Two "nothing"-types

var nothing = null;

null

undefined

var nothingYet; // undefined

The value is null,

and the type is null

The value is undefined,

and the type is undefined

complex types

Arrays (subtype of object)

Objects

Functions

var car = {brand:"Chevy", color:"red"};
var fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"];
function varName() {
    console.log("Hello");
    alert("world!")
}

Variables

Named memory slots

Variables

-a shortcut to a value

var foo = 12;

Create a container called foo

Put the number 12 in it

12

foo  = foo + 30;

12

should soon be

+ 30

should now be

42

42

Variables

I will remember this as flower

"Chrysanthemum"
var flower = "Chrysathemum";

variable name

JS keyword:
-Define new variable

value of any type

Variables

work like placeholders or shortcuts to values

alert(flower);

naming Variables

RESTRICTIONS

break         case          catch
class         const         continue
debugger      default       delete
do            else          export
extends       finally       for
function      if            import
in            instanceof    new
return        super         switch
this          throw         try
typeof        var           void
while         with          yield

JavaScript keywords

naming Variables

RESTRICTIONS

animal = "cat";
zip    = 90210;

_underscore = true;
$dollar     = 500;

or _

or $

The first letter must be:
a-z

subsequent characters can also be numbers

var _ÅÄÖüñ_ = "Happy"

This is not allowed

// start with a number
var 4ever = Infinity;

// no spaces in variable names
var my number = 42;

// no dashes (minus)
var zip-code = 90210

Avoid these characters

e1337 = 1337;

style CONVENTIONS

how most people style their JavaScript variables

start with a lowercase letter

var running = false;
var games = 0;
function start(){
    running = true;
}

replace space with uppercase

var myTextVar = "my text var";
var currentGuess = 0;
var playerScore = 0;

only Constructors* start with uppercase

function Car(brand, color) {
    this.brand = brand;
    this.color = color;
}

var redVolvo = new Car('volvo', 'red');

More conventions here:

 

 

*more on this later in the course

no code

coding

Chapter 2, page 46

prepare codeMemory
prepare notebook

while at class
    save visual and audible contents to working memory
    write down from working memory in notebook

    while audio OR visual input is confusing
        switch to cognitive overdrive
        close down audio input
        if I get it
            add to codeMemory
            restart audio input 
            set focus on teacher
        else repeat
    
    if lost 
        raise your hand
        ask teacher to repeat

repeat 

close notebook     
    
exit

Conditional statements

/* add a test within the parens  */

if (guess == answer) {
    console.log("you're right");
} else {
    console.log("sorry, no match");
}

while loop

while loop

var count = 0;
var msg = "Do you want to enter the Loop?"

while (confirm(msg)) {
    count = count + 1;
    msg = "Repeat nr " + count + ". Wanna continue?"
}

/* 
confirm() shows a popup message 
and lets the user click [ok] or [cancel]
it resolves to either true or false */

COMMUNICATING

Using the browser's built in dialog windows

alert("This is an alert!")

prompt("What's your name")

confirm("Do you want to continue?")

COMMUNICATING

Using the browser's built in developer console

var msg = "log your variables to console.log() to see their value here";
console.log(msg);
console.error("The browser will also show your bugs");
console.log("%c <- add this tag, and then this css->", "color:red; background:pink");

Mac: CMD + J 

Win: Ctrl+ Shift + J

COMMUNICATING

By writing directly to the HTML

<body>
    <h1>Welcome!</h1>
    <script>
    document.write('<p>To this dynamic web page</p>');
    </script>
</body>
<body>
    <h1>Welcome!</h1>
    <p>To this dynamic web page</p>
</body>

write on the HTML page where the script tag is

using document.write(htmlCode)

COMMUNICATING

By manipulating the HTML

var myHtmlRef = document.querySelector('h1');

myHtmlRef.innerHTML = 'Hello, <b>world!</b>';
<body>
    <h1> <- Everything between these are innerHTML -> </h1>
</body>
<body>
    <h1>Hello, <b>world!</b></h1>
</body>

but more on this later