Lecture #10

Book chapter 9 + 20 (Introduction to Preprocessors)

 

Web and user interface design

 

slides.com/jkohlin/web10/live

Forms

  • Forms usually send information to a function on a server
    • check if username and password match the database
    • Send an email to the web site owner
  • In this course, they will only be for prototype purposes

<form>

<form action="login.php" method="post" >



</form>

The form element should contain all form fields. It's non visible.

The action attribute is where the form information should be sent to

The method is how it's gonna get there (post or get)

You can use the action to go to the next page in your prototype

<input>

All form controls are input-elements*

  • input is an empty element. It has no closing tag
  • they are all distinguished by their type attribute
    • type=text
    • type=date
  • What you enter, ends up in their value attribute
  • They must have a name attribute.
    That's their variable name

* Exceptions:

<textarea name="long-text" cols="30" rows="10"></textarea> Which creates a big text box for long answers

<button>Button text</button> which can be used instead of <input type=submit>

<input type=text>

the basic text field

<input type=password>

hides the input from people behind your back

<input type=submit value=Login>

Submits the form information to the specified action-page

CSS selector:  input[type='password']

<form>

</form>

<fieldset><legend>

For grouping form elements

    <form action="login.php" method="post">
        <fieldset>
            <legend>Register</legend>
            
            <label for="name">Name</label>
            <input type="text" name="name">
            
            <label for="user">Username</label>
            <input type="text" name="user">
    
            <label for="password">Password</label>
            <input type="password" name="password">
    
            <button>Login</button>
        </fieldset>
    </form>

<label>

important for accessibility

<form action="login.php" method="post">
  <label for="user">Username</label>
  <input type="text" name="user">

  <label for="pass">Password</label>
  <input type="password" name="pass">

  <button>Login</button>
</form>

(explicit label association)

<input type=checkbox>

They all need to have the same name attribute

<fieldset>
    <legend>Music you like</legend>
    <label>
        <input type="checkbox" name="music" value="Rock">Rock
    </label>

    <label>
        <input type="checkbox" name="music" value="Pop">Pop
    </label>

    <label>
        <input type="checkbox" name="music" value="Jazz">Jazz
    </label>

    <label>
        <input type="checkbox" name="music" value="Hip-hop">Hip-hop
    </label>

</fieldset>

(implicit label association)

<input type=radio>

They all need to have the same name

<fieldset>
    <legend>Music you like</legend>
    <label>
        <input type="radio" name="age" value="20-30">
        20-30
    </label>
    <label>
        <input type="radio" name="age" value="31-40">
        31-40
    </label>
    <label>
        <input type="radio" name="age" value="41-50" checked>
        41-50
    </label>
    <label>
        <input type="radio" name="age" value="51-60">
        51-60
    </label>
</fieldset>

(implicit label association)

CSS :checked

The toggle button

Here's some toggle switch CSS

(don't forget to reference where the code comes from if you use it in your projects)

Text fields for mobile

Making use of the soft keyboard

<input type="text">
<input type="color">
<input type="email">
<input type="number">
<input type="tel">

<input type="url">

<input type=color>

<input type=number>

<input type=tel>

<input type=url>

<input type=email>

date/time pickers

<input type="date">

Date input control

 

<input type="datetime-local">

Date and time control

 

<input type="month">

Specifies a month in a year

 

<input type="time">

Time input control

<input type=range>

The slider

max The maximum permitted value
min The minimum permitted value
step The stepping interval, used both for user interface and validation purposes 
  <input type="range" min="0" max="10" step ="1">

Range:

<input type=range>

The range form control looks different on different devices

Styling it with css is not all intuitive, but here's a Style generator for the range slider

drop down lists

select list

datalist

<select> + <option>

<select name="pets" id="pet-select">
    <option value="">--Please choose an option--</option>
    <option value="dog">Dog</option>
    <option value="cat">Cat</option>
    <option value="hamster">Hamster</option>
    <option value="parrot">Parrot</option>
    <option value="spider">Spider</option>
    <option value="goldfish">Goldfish</option>
</select>

<input> + <datalist> + <option>

<input type="text" list="flavors" name="ice-cream">

<datalist id="flavors">
    <option value="Chocolate"></option>
    <option value="Coconut"></option>
    <option value="Mint"></option>
    <option value="Strawberry"></option>
    <option value="Vanilla"></option>
</datalist>

datalist

demo

Flavor: 

More form attributes

<input type="text" autocomplete="name">

on/off or different hints for form autofill

A full list of possible values

<input type="text" placeholder="YYMMDD">

content to appear in the textfield when it's empty, to give a hint on expected input

CSS :placeholder-shown ::placeholder

Birthday: 

<input type="text" spellcheck="true">

Can be either true or false. Activates the built in spellchecker of the browser. Set to false for names etc.

<input type="text" required>

If present, the form can not be submitted when the field is empty

CSS :invalid :valid :required

Precompiled CSS

Kind of like Emmet for CSS

Scripting CSS

  • write in a .scss -file
  • Use variables 
  • functions
  • Math operations
  • smart nesting etc

Compile to a CSS file

Setup

  1. In VS Code,  install the extensions
    -Live Sass Compiler
  2. Click

or

  1. Download and run Koala
  2. Drop your project folder in it.

Rule nesting

nav {
  ul {
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
    list-style: none;
  }

  li { display: inline-block; }

  a {
    display: block;
    padding: 6px 12px;
    text-decoration: none;
  }
}
nav ul {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  list-style: none;
}
nav li {
  display: inline-block;
}
nav a {
  display: block;
  padding: 6px 12px;
  text-decoration: none;
}

scss

css

parent selector

a {
  text-decoration: none;
  color: white;

  &:hover {
    color: yellow;
  }
}
a {
  text-decoration: none;
  color: white;
}

a:hover {
  color: yellow;
}

scss

css

Property nesting

h1 {
  font: {
    family: "Lato", sans-serif;
    size: 3em;
    weight: 400;
  }
}
h1 {
  font-family: "Lato", sans-serif;
  font-size: 3em;
  font-weight: 400;
}

scss

css

Variables

// Variables
$grey: rgb(150, 159, 170);
$v-space: 11px;

// Rules
aside {
  background-color: $grey;
  margin-top: $v-space;
}
aside {
  background-color: #969faa;
  margin-top: 11px;
}

scss

css

Math Operations

// Variables
$grey: rgb(150, 159, 170);
$v-space: 11px;

// Rules
main {
  background-color: $grey;
  margin-top: $v-space * 3;
}
main {
  background-color: #969faa;
  margin-top: 33px;
}

scss

css

Color  functions

brightness

$grey: #969faa;

h1 {
  color: $grey;
}

main {
  background-color: lighten($grey, 30%);
  color: darken($grey, 30%);
}
h1 {
  color: #969faa;
}

main {
  background-color: #ebecee;
  color: #4b535c;
}

scss

css

Color  functions

saturation

$grey: #7a9cc7;

h1 {
  color: $grey;
}

main {
  background-color: saturate($grey, 30%);
  color: desaturate($grey, 30%);
}
h1 {
  color: #7a9cc7;
}

main {
  background-color: #5e99e3;
  color: #969fab;
}

scss

css

Color  functions

opacity

$grey: rgba(150, 159, 170, 0.5);

h1 {
  color: $grey;
}

main {
  background-color: fade-out($grey, 0.2);
  color: fade-in($grey, 0.1);
}

h1 {
  color: rgba(150, 159, 170, 0.5);
}

main {
  background-color: rgba(150, 159, 170, 0.3);
  color: rgba(150, 159, 170, 0.6);
}

scss

css

@import

Merges other scss-files into one, before compilation.

Makes your scss files more modular

@mixin / @include

chunks of properties to reuse

@mixin menu-list {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  list-style: none;
  display: flex;
}

nav > ul {
  @include menu-list;
}
nav ul {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  list-style: none;
  display: flex;
}

@mixin / @include

you can even use parameters...

$base: 11px;
@mixin font($size, $color) {
  color: $color;
  font-size: $size;
  line-height: $size * 1.25;
}

.big-red-text {
  @include font($base*3, red);
}

.small-black-italic-text {
  @include font($base+3, black);
  font-style: italic;
}
.big-red-text {
  color: red;
  font-size: 33px;
  line-height: 41.25px;
}

.small-black-italic-text {
  color: black;
  font-size: 14px;
  line-height: 17.5px;
  font-style: italic;
}

@extend

Merge properties from another rule

$gray: #c1c8ca;
$base: 11px;

.button {
  border: solid 1px $gray;
  font-size: $base * 2;
}

.submit-button {
  @extend .button;
  background-color: darken($gray, 20%);
}

.button, .submit-button {
  border: solid 1px #c1c8ca;
  font-size: 22px;
}

.submit-button {
  background-color: #8a979b;
}

And then some…

check out the Sass documentation for even more things you can do with Sass

 

Till next time

Chapter 8 + 16 (grids)

web10

By Johan Kohlin

web10

Forms

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